Kubwezeretsanso pulasitiki kumatanthawuza njira yopezera zinyalala kapena pulasitiki zotsalira ndikukonzanso zinthuzo kukhala zinthu zothandiza komanso zothandiza.Ntchitoyi imadziwika kuti pulasitiki yobwezeretsanso.Cholinga chobwezeretsanso pulasitiki ndikuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki kwinaku ndikuchepetsa kukakamiza kwa zinthu zomwe zidapangidwa kale kuti zipange zinthu zapulasitiki zatsopano.Njira imeneyi imathandiza kusunga chuma komanso kupatutsa mapulasitiki kuchokera kumalo otayirako nthaka kapena malo omwe sanayembekezereko monga nyanja zamchere.
Kufunika Kokonzanso Pulasitiki
Mapulasitiki ndi olimba, opepuka komanso otsika mtengo.Amatha kupangidwa mosavuta kukhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri.Chaka chilichonse, matani apulasitiki opitilira 100 miliyoni amapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi.Pafupifupi mapaundi mabiliyoni 200 azinthu zapulasitiki zatsopano zimakhala ndi thermoformed, foamed, laminated ndi extruded mu mamiliyoni a phukusi ndi mankhwala.Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchitonso, kubwezeretsanso ndi kubwezeretsanso mapulasitiki ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Ndi Mapulasitiki Otani Amene Amagwiritsidwanso Ntchito?
Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yodziwika bwino ya mapulasitiki.Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe mungapeze papulasitiki iliyonse:
PS (Polystyrene) - Chitsanzo: makapu akumwa otentha, zodulira pulasitiki, zotengera, ndi yogati.
PP (Polypropylene) – Chitsanzo: mabokosi a chakudya chamasana, zotengera zakudya, zotengera ayisikilimu.
LDPE (Polyethylene yotsika kwambiri) – Chitsanzo: nkhokwe zotaya zinyalala ndi matumba.
PVC (Plasticised Polyvinyl chloride kapena polyvinyl chloride)—Mwachitsanzo: zabwino, madzi kapena kufinya mabotolo.
HDPE (Polyethylene yochuluka kwambiri) – Chitsanzo: zotengera za shampo kapena mabotolo amkaka.
PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) – Chitsanzo: madzi a zipatso ndi mabotolo a zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi.
Pakadali pano, zinthu zapulasitiki za PET, HDPE, ndi PVC zokha ndizomwe zimasinthidwanso pansi pa mapulogalamu obwezeretsanso.PS, PP, ndi LDPE nthawi zambiri sizidzabwezerezedwanso chifukwa zida zapulasitikizi zimakakamira pazida zosankhira m'malo obwezeretsanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ithyoke kapena kuyima.Zivundikiro ndi nsonga zamabotolo sizingabwezeretsedwenso."Kubwezeretsanso kapena Kusabwezeretsanso" ndi funso lalikulu pankhani yobwezeretsanso pulasitiki.Mitundu ina ya pulasitiki siigwiritsidwanso ntchito chifukwa singakwanitse kutero.
Mfundo Zina Zobwezeretsanso Pulasitiki Mwachangu
Ola lililonse, anthu aku America amagwiritsa ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki okwana 2.5 miliyoni, ambiri mwa iwo amatayidwa.
Pafupifupi 9.1% yazinthu zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki zidasinthidwanso ku US mu 2015, mosiyanasiyana ndi gulu lazinthu.Zopaka zapulasitiki zidasinthidwanso pa 14.6%, katundu wokhazikika wa pulasitiki pa 6.6%, ndi zinthu zina zosakhalitsa pa 2.2%.
Pakali pano, 25 peresenti ya zinyalala zapulasitiki zimakonzedwanso ku Ulaya.
Anthu aku America adagwiritsanso ntchito matani 3.14 miliyoni apulasitiki mu 2015, kutsika kuchokera pa 3.17 miliyoni mu 2014.
Kubwezeretsanso pulasitiki kumatenga mphamvu yochepera 88% kuposa kupanga mapulasitiki kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopano.
Pakadali pano, pafupifupi 50% ya mapulasitiki omwe timagwiritsa ntchito amatayidwa atangogwiritsa ntchito kamodzi.
Pulasitiki ndi 10% ya zinyalala zonse padziko lonse lapansi.
Pulasitiki imatha kutenga zaka mazana ambiri kuti iwonongeke
Mapulasitiki amene amathera m’nyanja amasweka kukhala tizidutswa ting’onoting’ono ndipo chaka chilichonse nyama zoyamwitsa za m’madzi zokwana 100,000 ndi mbalame za m’nyanja miliyoni imodzi zimaphedwa podya timapulasitiki ting’onoting’ono.
Mphamvu yopulumutsidwa pakubwezeretsanso botolo limodzi la pulasitiki imatha kuyatsa nyali ya 100 watt kwa pafupifupi ola limodzi.
Njira Yobwezeretsanso Pulasitiki
Njira yosavuta yobwezeretsanso pulasitiki imaphatikizapo kutolera, kusanja, kupukuta, kuchapa, kusungunula, ndi kupukuta.Njira zenizeni zimasiyanasiyana kutengera utomoni wapulasitiki kapena mtundu wazinthu zapulasitiki.
Malo ambiri obwezeretsanso pulasitiki amagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri izi:
Khwerero 1: Kusankha mapulasitiki okha kapena ndi mtundu wamanja kuti muwonetsetse kuti zowononga zonse zachotsedwa mumtsinje wa zinyalala za pulasitiki.
Khwerero 2: Sungunulani mapulasitiki molunjika kukhala mawonekedwe atsopano kapena kuwaphwanya kukhala ma flakes kenaka kusungunula asanawasinthire kukhala ma granulate.
Zotsogola Zaposachedwa Pakubwezeretsanso Pulasitiki
Zatsopano zomwe zikupitilira muukadaulo wobwezeretsanso zapangitsa kuti ntchito yobwezeretsanso pulasitiki ikhale yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo.Ukadaulo woterewu umaphatikizapo zowunikira zodalirika komanso mapulogalamu otsogola komanso ozindikiritsa omwe amathandizira kupanga bwino komanso kulondola kwakusanja mapulasitiki.Mwachitsanzo, zowunikira za FT-NIR zimatha kuthamanga mpaka maola 8,000 pakati pa zolakwika za zowunikira.
Chinanso chodziwika bwino pakubwezeretsanso pulasitiki kwakhala kupeza ntchito zamtengo wapatali zama polima obwezerezedwanso m'njira zotsekera.Kuyambira 2005, mwachitsanzo, mapepala a PET a thermoforming ku UK amatha kukhala ndi 50 peresenti mpaka 70 peresenti ya PET yowonjezeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala a A/B/A.
Posachedwapa, maiko ena a EU kuphatikiza Germany, Spain, Italy, Norway, ndi Austria ayamba kutolera zonyamula zolimba monga mapoto, machubu, ndi mathireyi komanso kapaketi kakang'ono kosinthika pambuyo pa ogula.Chifukwa chakusintha kwaposachedwa pamakina ochapira ndi kusanja, kukonzanso kwa mapaketi apulasitiki opanda botolo kwatheka.
Zovuta za Makampani Obwezeretsanso Pulasitiki
Kubwezeretsanso pulasitiki kumakumana ndi zovuta zambiri, kuyambira mapulasitiki osakanikirana mpaka zovuta kuchotsa zotsalira.Kukonzanso kotsika mtengo komanso kothandiza kwa mtsinje wosakanikirana wa pulasitiki mwina ndiye vuto lalikulu lomwe makampani obwezeretsanso akukumana nawo.Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kupanga mapulasitiki apulasitiki ndi zinthu zina zapulasitiki poganizira zobwezeretsanso kungathandize kwambiri kuthana ndi vutoli.
Kubwezeretsanso ndikubwezeretsanso zotengera zosinthika pambuyo pa ogula ndi vuto lobwezeretsanso.Malo ambiri obwezeretsa zinthu komanso akuluakulu am'deralo sasonkhanitsa mwachangu chifukwa chosowa zida zomwe zimatha kuwalekanitsa bwino komanso mosavuta.
Kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki m'nyanja kwakhala chinthu chaposachedwa kwambiri chodetsa nkhawa anthu.Pulasitiki ya m'nyanja ikuyembekezeka kuwirikiza katatu m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi, ndipo nkhawa za anthu zapangitsa mabungwe otsogola padziko lonse lapansi kuti achitepo kanthu pakuwongolera bwino zida zapulasitiki komanso kupewa kuwononga chilengedwe.
Malamulo Obwezeretsanso Pulasitiki
Kubwezeretsanso mabotolo apulasitiki kwakhala kovomerezeka m'maboma angapo aku US kuphatikiza California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, ndi Wisconsin.Chonde tsatirani maulalowa kuti mupeze tsatanetsatane wamalamulo obwezeretsanso pulasitiki m'chigawo chilichonse.
Kuyang'ana Patsogolo
Kubwezeretsanso ndikofunikira pakuwongolera koyenera kwa pulasitiki.Kuwonjezeka kwa mitengo yobwezeretsanso kwabwera chifukwa chodziwitsa anthu zambiri komanso kuchita bwino kwa ntchito zobwezeretsanso.Kuchita bwino kwa ntchito kudzathandizidwa ndi ndalama zomwe zikupitilira mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko.
Kubwezeretsanso zinthu zambiri zamapulasitiki zomwe anthu amagula pambuyo pa ogula komanso kulongedza kumathandizira kukonzanso ndikupatutsa zinyalala za pulasitiki zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha kuchokera kudzala.Makampani ndi opanga mfundo angathandizenso kulimbikitsa ntchito yobwezeretsanso pofuna kapena kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito utomoni wopangidwanso ndi mapulasitiki omwe sanabadwe.
Mabungwe a Plastic Recycling Viwanda
Mabungwe amakampani obwezeretsanso pulasitiki ndi mabungwe omwe ali ndi udindo wopititsa patsogolo kukonzanso kwa pulasitiki, kupangitsa mamembala kupanga ndi kusunga ubale pakati pa obwezeretsanso pulasitiki, ndikulimbikitsana ndi boma ndi mabungwe ena kuti athandizire kukhazikitsa malo abwino kwambiri opangira pulasitiki.
Association of Plastic Recyclers (APR): APR imayimira makampani apadziko lonse lapansi obwezeretsanso pulasitiki.Imayimira mamembala ake omwe akuphatikiza makampani obwezeretsanso pulasitiki amitundu yonse, makampani opanga mapulasitiki ogula, opanga zida zobwezeretsanso pulasitiki, ma labotale oyesa ndi mabungwe omwe adzipereka kupititsa patsogolo ndikuchita bwino pakubwezeretsanso pulasitiki.APR ili ndi mapulogalamu angapo ophunzitsira mamembala ake zaukadaulo waposachedwa wobwezeretsanso pulasitiki ndi zomwe zachitika.
Plastics Recyclers Europe (PRE): Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1996, PRE imayimira obwezeretsanso pulasitiki ku Europe.Pakadali pano, ili ndi mamembala opitilira 115 ochokera ku Europe konse.M'chaka choyamba cha kukhazikitsidwa, mamembala a PRE adakonzanso matani 200 000 a zinyalala zapulasitiki, komabe tsopano zonse zomwe zilipo zikuposa matani 2.5 miliyoni.PRE imakonza ziwonetsero zobwezeretsanso pulasitiki ndi misonkhano yapachaka kuti mamembala ake akambirane zomwe zachitika posachedwa komanso zovuta zomwe zikuchitika pamsika.
Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI): ISRI imayimira makampani ang'onoang'ono a 1600 mpaka akuluakulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza opanga, mapurosesa, ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa mafakitale amitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zakale.Mamembala omwe ali nawo ku Washington DC akuphatikiza zida ndi othandizira pamakampani obwezeretsanso zinthu zakale.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-27-2020